Welcome to Scala!
Your question opens a very big space to try and cover. Like such a big space, the answer might not be useful to you.
So, can you narrow down the area a bit by saying why you want to know this? And perhaps identify a language or two with which you are familiar upon which one could base the contrast and comparison? That would help make generating an answer much more tractable and concrete which likely would be far more useful to you and to others who end up reading this thread.